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Basic Dinosaur Facts

Feb. 13, 2023

Delve into these quick facts about dinosaurs for children of all ages. Find out why Tyrannosaurus rex had sharp teeth, where the name "dinosaur" came from and more!

 

Basic dinosaur facts

Dinosaurs are a group of reptiles that have lived on Earth for around 245 million years.

In 1842, the British naturalist Sir Richard Owen coined the word dinosaur from the Greek words deinos, meaning 'terrible great', and sauros, meaning 'lizard'.

Dinosaur fossils have been found on all seven continents.

Around 66 million years ago, all non-avian dinosaurs became extinct.

There are about 700 known extinct species of dinosaurs.

Modern birds are a type of dinosaur because they share a common ancestor with non-avian dinosaurs.

 

Palaeontology

Paleontologists act like detectives, examining the evidence left behind by extinct animals. These clues to what dinosaurs looked like can be found in fossils - the ancient remains of organisms such as teeth, bones or shells - or evidence of animal activity such as footprints and tracks.

 

Everything we know about non-avian dinosaurs is based on fossils, including bones, teeth, footprints, tracks, eggs and skin impressions. For centuries, amazing fossilised bones and footprints have been discovered by people all over the world. Early finds inspired legends and fairy tales, as people believed the bones belonged to giants or giant monsters.


Dinosaur


Some believe that Barnum Brown, who began his career at the American Museum of Natural History in 1897, was one of the greatest dinosaur hunters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He began his career at the American Museum of Natural History in 1897. Many of his greatest discoveries, including the first Tyrannosaurus rex specimen ever found, are on display in the museum's Dinosaur Hall.

 

Today, in addition to patience and keen observation skills, palaeontologists are using new technologies to solve unsolved mysteries about dinosaurs and other fossils. Advanced imaging techniques, such as CT scans, allow paleontologists to see the three-dimensional structure of fossils, often without removing the matrix.

 

Paleontologists combine studies of biomechanics, applying principles of physics and engineering to reconstruct the biological movements of non-avian dinosaurs. Information gathered from fossil bones and observations of the movement and muscle tissue of living animal species help scientists model how non-avian dinosaurs might have moved.

 

The Age of Dinosaurs

 

The earliest known dinosaurs appeared during the Triassic period (about 250 to 200 million years ago). Dinosaurs evolved into a very diverse fauna with a large number of physical features, including modern birds.

 

Contrary to what many people think, not all dinosaurs lived in the same geological period. For example, Stegosaurus lived in the late Jurassic period, about 150 million years ago. Tyrannosaurus rex lived in the Late Cretaceous, about 72 million years ago. Stegosaurus had been extinct for 66 million years before Tyrannosaurus walked the Earth.

 

During the Mesozoic (over 180 million years, including the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods), a non-avian dinosaur evolved into an ornithischian dinosaur. This avian dinosaur was the first bird, and the forerunner of all birds. Each of these non-avian dinosaurs became extinct 66 million years ago.

 

There are several theories as to what led to the mass extinction of non-avian dinosaurs and other species at the end of the Cretaceous. What is certain is that during this time, a giant asteroid or comet struck the Earth, causing a dramatic change in the planet's climate. Some scientists speculate that this impact had catastrophic consequences for life on Earth. But other factors, including sea level changes and massive volcanic activity, may also have played an important role in this mass extinction.

 

Dinosaur fossils and fossils

 

Paleontologists use fossil evidence preserved in ancient rocks to discover how long-extinct animals lived and behaved.

In most cases, the fossilised bones are actually rocks made of minerals with no trace of the original skeletal material.

The discovery of dinosaur eggs and nests has provided evidence for the behaviour of certain dinosaurs.

By comparing skulls of different ages of Protoceratops (pictured above), palaeontologists can draw conclusions about how some dinosaurs grew.

To understand how creatures lived in the past, palaeontologists look for clues preserved in ancient rocks - fossil bones, teeth, eggs, footprints, tooth marks, leaves and even the dung of ancient creatures.

Fossilised jaws, teeth and dung provide important clues about what non-avian dinosaurs ate.

A series of fossil footprints called tracks reveal some interesting evidence about the behaviour and movement of dinosaurs.

 

Until recently, it was thought that feathers were unique to birds. However, recent discoveries have uncovered evidence of feathered, non-avian dinosaurs.

 

Palaeontologists looking for dinosaur fossils begin their work by surveying areas to find sedimentary rocks from the Mesozoic period. Finding the right spot requires experience and a keen eye.

 

Fieldwork is only a small part of what palaeontologists do. They also work in the laboratory, examining the specimens they find and the fossils they collected years ago. They spend a great deal of time classifying specimens, examining their features and determining their biological relationships.


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